Mexico and United States Foreign Policy Relations

Mexico was originally the site of various Amerindian civilizations such as the Mayas and the Aztecs. The country was later invaded by Spain in 1519 which led to a prolonged colonial period that would last until the 19th century when the country finally gained its independence at the end of the war of independence. Mexican-American War The conflict was sparked when the U.S. annexed Texas and the Mexican government refused to recognize the secession of Texas which was the precursor to the annexation. The war, which began in 1846 and lasted for 2 years, was settled via the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which led to Mexico giving up even more of its land to the US, including California. Mexico further transferred some of its territories (southern Arizona and New Mexico) to the U.S. via the Gadsden Purchase in 1854. 1910 Revolution Lasting for 7 years, the 1910 revolution ended the rule of the dictator president Porfirio Diaz. The war was sparked when the U.S.-supported Diaz was proclaimed the winner of the 1910 elections despite mass popular support for his rival in the election Francisco Madero. After the war, the various groups that made up the revolutionary forces splintered as they lost the unifying goal of unseating Diaz - leading to a civil war. The U.S. intervened in the conflict including the involvement of the U.S. ambassador in the plotting of the 1913 coup dà ©tat which overthrew Madero. Immigration A major issue of contention between both countries is that of immigration from Mexico to the U.S. The September 11th attacks increased the fear of terrorists crossing over from Mexico leading to a tightening of immigration restrictions including a U.S. Senate bill, heavily criticized in Mexico, supporting the construction of a fence along the Mexican-American border. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) NAFTA led to the elimination of tariffs and other trade barriers between Mexico and the U.S. and serves as a multilateral platform for cooperation between both countries. The agreement increased trade volume and cooperation in both countries. NAFTA has come under attack from Mexican and American farmers and the political left claiming that it hurts the interest of local small farmers in both the U.S. and Mexico. Balance In Latin American politics, Mexico has acted as a counterweight to the policies of the new populist left characterized by Venezuela and Bolivia. This led to charges from some in Latin America that Mexico is blindly following U.S. commands. The biggest disagreements between the left and current Mexican leadership is whether to enlarge American-led trade regimes, which has been Mexicos traditional approach, versus a more regional approach favoring Latin American cooperation and empowerment.

Katniss Everdeen from the Hunger Games - 532 Words

Katniss Everdeen Katniss is the protagonist of the novel. She is a tough, self-sufficient, extremely loyal girl whose childhood was cut short by responsibility. After her father died, her mother sank into a deep depression, so it was up to Katniss to feed the family. One evening, she was going through others trash in desperation when Peeta Mellark purposefully burned bread from his familys bakery and gave it to her. She feels like she owes him for that action, because after that she realizes the forest will be how to feed her family. She and her friend Gale regularly hunt wild game and gather food, selling some and keeping some for their families. Katniss dearly loves her younger sister Prim, so much so that she volunteers to go to the Hunger Games in Prims place. Though Katniss could very easily feel bitter towards her more sheltered sister, instead she is fiercely protective of her. During the Games, this protectiveness transfers to another young tribute named Rue who Katniss grows very close too a nd mentors as she were an older sister to Rue. Katniss has an edge over many of the other tributes because she often lives not knowing if she is going to make it through the night. For years she has been responsible for the life or death of her family. She was devastated by the death of her father, though she recalls many of his fine talents and qualities. Throughout the training and the Games, she fights against feeling friendship for Peeta Mellark because she knowsShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis of Katniss Everdeen from The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins549 Words   |  3 Pages The Hunger Games is a trilogy novel book written by Suzanne Collins. The book is about being selected in a game where everything is about winning, and by winning you live another year with fame, and by losing means you die and known for not being strong enough. In this essay I’m going to analyze a character from the book, and write why I think the character is interesting. The person you are about to read about is Katniss Everdeen and also the main person in the book. Katniss Everdeen is a teenageRead MoreKatniss Everden Is a Girl Ith Many Talents954 Words   |  4 PagesKatniss Everdeen Is a Girl with Many Talents Although Katniss Everdeen was considered an underdog in the games, she possesses many qualities and made very smart choices that helped her become a victor of the Hunger Games. The novel, The Hunger Games was written by Suzanne Collins who created the character of Katniss Everdeen, she wrote Katniss as a very talented girl whose skills were very unique and useful. Some of the skills Katniss used to help her get out of the arena aliveRead MoreHunger Games1506 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: The Hunger Games Author Background: The author of this book is Suzanne Collins, who currently lives in Connecticut with her family. She started her career in 1991 writing for children’s television. She has worked on Nickelodeon shows including Clarissa Explains it all, The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo, Little Bear, and Oswald. Suzanne recently finished her third book in the series, The Hunger Games, Catching Fire. Genre: Science Fiction Meaning of the Title: The title The Hunger Games has a veryRead MoreThe Hunger Games, Catching Fire, And Mockingjay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesthey often think of soldiers who have returned from war. The truth is that any traumatic event can cause PTSD, and it is even portrayed by some of the most beloved characters in pop culture today. One such character is Katniss Everdeen from The Hunger Games series. By taking the cognitive approach to examine this case, it is easy to diagnose and suggest possible treatments for the character. First of all, who is Katniss Everdeen? The Hunger Games, Catching Fire, and Mockingjay is a trilogy of youngRead MoreSummary Of The Hunger Games Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pages The Hunger Games â€Å"â€Å"No, you can’t kill yourself, â€Å"I say. I’m on my knees, desperately plastering the bandage back onto his wound. â€Å"Katniss, â€Å"he says. â€Å"It’s what I want. â€Å"You’re not leaving me here alone, â€Å"I say. Because if he dies, I’ll never go home, not really. I’ll spend the rest of my life in this arena trying to think my way out. â€Å"Listen, â€Å"he says pulling me to my feet. â€Å"We both know they have to have a victor. It can only be one of us. Please, take it. For me.† And he goes on about howRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Hunger Games 1460 Words   |  6 Pageswelcomed. Katniss Everdeen is an example of a strong female protagonist, from the novel, â€Å"The Hunger Games†. Katniss is not a stereotypical female in Panem, many say she is more masculine than really feminine. When she is sent to the Capital for the games, she is transformed, more like forced, to look like their ideal female. Katniss Everdeen had a choice to volunteer as tribute, but did not have a choice when it came to the way she looked. Katniss Everdeen in the novel â€Å"The Hunger Games†, is notRead MoreThe Hunger Games : Mockingjay1116 Words   |  5 Pages YASHA’S BOOK REPORT- THE HUNGER GAMES: MOCKINGJAY PLOT ‘THE HUNGER GAMES: MOCKINGJAY’ takes place several months since the last outing, Catching Fire. Seventeen year old Katniss Everdeen has survived The Hunger Games twice, but along with her outstanding victory, which bewildered The Capitol’s devious Gamemakers. There were consequences. The infuriated president of Panem, President Snow, didn’t see actions taking place in order to eliminate Katniss, which was his bidding. Therefore, he plansRead MoreAnalysis Of The Hunger Games762 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hunger Games is an astounding post-apocalyptic MTV award winning movie. Although the epic fight for survival is primarily the theme, the movie also juggles the emotional vulnerabilities associated with life and death. When considering the parallels between the movie and today’s society, viewers gain warnings regarding the importance of unity. Many consider The Hunger Games a heroic tale of a selfless teen. However, the driving force delineates an unforgettable plot twist, an inspirationalRead MoreIN WHAT WAYS DOES KATNISS EVERDEEN CHALLENGE OR CONFIRM OUR UNDERSTANDING OF A TYPICAL HERO IN THE HUNGER GAMES?1104 Words   |  5 PagesThe question of whether Katniss Everdeen, of The Hunger Games, confirms or challenges the idea of an archetypal hero is one debated worldwide. Throughout the novel, written by Suzanne Collins, Katniss demonstrates qualities and undertakes actions which are, without a doubt, heroic. However, whether or not this makes her a hero is dependent upon who you are asking; many characters in the novel would have very different ideas as to what a hero is. Also, although Katniss may come off as a hero manyRead MoreHunger Game Essay : The Hunger Games By Katniss Everdeen1235 Words   |  5 PagesKatniss Everdeen is the main protagonist in Suzanne Collins trilogy: The Hunger Games. She is highlighted by her responsibility, loyalty, morality, bravery, independence and her compassion towards others. Katniss becomes the victim of her totalitarian government and unwillingly becomes the center of a revolution. The hunger games trilogy tells the story of war and its effects on the innocent. Katniss’ strong qualities shine through the suffering of realistic consequences and outcomes. Her qualities

Which theory best explains the development of EU environmental policy Free Essays

string(45) " strategy that Connelly and Smith \(2002, p\." The successful development of EU international environmental policy has been the subject of much recent study within various disciplines. One promising theory for cross-disciplinary researches of EU environmental policy invokes the concept of international regime. Regime theory might expect to explain a great deal about the development of EU environmental policy in global environmental affairs. We will write a custom essay sample on Which theory best explains the development of EU environmental policy? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is insightful to consider the EU environmental policy as a regime given that the regime definition most frequently cited is so broad as to certainly include the EU where ‘norms, rules and decision-making procedures in a given area of international relations’ (Krasner, 1983, p. 2) are said to be in existence. This sort of theory would enable one to consider the connections between the institutions of the EU and the member states. It may explain the inter-state relationship that lies behind the formation and development of EU international environmental policy. Te positions the EU projects in international affairs are evidently themselves the product of interest mediation and agreed bargaining directed by institutions. This paper will consider the work of both international relations (IR) and international law (IL) scholars to evaluate regime theory as instrument of EU environmental policy, using ozone layer depletion case study as specific example. Main Body International Regime Theory Although international regimes were used much earlier by IL as a means of giving an account of legal regulation in unregulated areas (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 190), the regime theory has gained significance originally within the discipline of IR. The regime theory was developed to explain stability in the international system despite the absence or decline of domination (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 202). It is only in the 1990th that regime theory has again become the focal point of legal scholars searching for ways to stimulate international cooperation (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 10). This requires the organization into a unified pattern of the disciplines of IR and IL, the relationships between them having been one of mutual neglect, as explained by Hurrell and Kingsbury: Regime theorists have tended to neglect the particular status of legal rules, to downplay the links between specific sets of rules and the broader structure of the international legal system, and to underrate the complexity and variety of legal rules, processes, and procedures. On the other hand, theoretical accounts of international . . . law have often paid rather little explicit attention to the political bargaining processes that underpin the emergence of new norms of international . . . law, to the role of power and interest in inter-state negotiations, and to the range of political factors that explain whether states will or will not comply with rules. (1992, p. 12) There is no absolute agreement on what precisely forms an international regime. Goldie, in one of his works in this area, described regimes as: (1) the acceptance, amongst a group of States, of a community of laws and of legal ideas; (2) the mutual respect and recognition accorded by certain States to the unilateral policies of others acting in substantial conformity with their own, enmeshing all the States concerned in a regime with respect to those policies; (3) a common loyalty, among a group of States, to the principle of abstention regarding a common resource. 1962, p. 698) Thomas Gehring (1990) presents a more integrated work in this area, in particular as it better addresses the role of IL in international regime theory. He identifies international regimes as the regulations, developed within the context of a consultation of parties to the regime, governing a specific area of IR. Within this structure, IL is the search for unanimity and agreement on the priorities and plans for international action. Once these are made clear, norms will develop as to how to carry out these priorities and plans, resulting in accepted norms or â€Å"shared expectations† concerning the behaviour of states (Gehring, 1990, p. 37). Certainly, this progress from priority setting to norm gradual development takes time, but it is the regime structure that allows for the process to take place at all. Thus, regimes create the building blocks for the development of norms and rules. Development of EU Environmental Policy and Regime Theory. The influence of EU within environmental affairs cannot be disregarded as the environment in general has to a great extent become a matter of international concern. Of the many international organisations and specialised bodies dealing with environmental issues, the one mostly associated with such work is the European Union. Among other bodies and specialized agencies, the EU is most closely involved in environmental affairs. Regime theory is the most commonly employed theoretical paradigm in the study of EU international environmental politics. The study of the EU focuses upon how the EU affects the prospects of regime-building and how it may create the path of international cooperation. By signing up to agreements on behalf of its member states, the EU increases the scope of a regime by increasing the obligations of states that may in a different way have adopted lower standards. The EU pulls states into commitments. Often, however, the ‘convoy’ analogy (Bretherton and Vogler 1997, p. 22) more precisely describes the process, whereby action is delayed by the slowest part of the train. This effect is seen during the ozone negotiations. Despite the attempts of Denmark and Germany to push things forward, the precluding tactics of France and the UK were able to ensure that on many occasions the EU was ‘condemned to immobility’ (Jachtenfuchs, 1990, p. 265). Yet, by coordinating the position of (currently) 27 member nations in environmental negotiations, the Commission makes smaller the complexity of negotiations and decreases pressures upon international organisations to perform that function. Approaches informed by regime theory would also help to see the leadership role of the EU as an effort to originate cooperation conditional on the involvement of other parties. Hence the statement of a greenhouse gas decrease target as early as 1990 was planned as a first move in the ‘nice, reciprocate, retaliate’ strategy that Connelly and Smith (2002, p. You read "Which theory best explains the development of EU environmental policy?" in category "Papers" 269 indicated is the necessary to cooperation. Paterson (1996, p. 105) notes, for example, that â€Å"The announcement of the EU target in October 1990 was explicitly designed to influence the outcome of the Second World Climate Conference and to precipitate international negotiations†. Usually, however, IR perspectives tend to overlook the significance of intra-country dynamics to the creation of positions in international agreements. This factor severely restricts their applicability to EU decision-making development. In spite of that, in the ozone case it could be argued a combination of ‘domestic’ and international pressures best explain the role of the EU in creating and supporting the regime in question. The EU is as one unit in this case. The four relationships are: one between member states and the EU; between the EU organisations in their internal power efforts; among the boards of directors and eventually between the various boards of directors and interest groups (Matlary, 1997, p. 146). With the EU environmental policy one clearly has a regime within a regime. Models of multi-level governance used to explain the policy development within Europe may be extended to include the international dimension. Viewed from this perspective, EU international environmental negotiations become a site of debate between transnational networks of environment departments from government and regional economic institutions working together with NGOs and sympathetic international organisations (such as UNEP), set against networks including Trade and Industry departments, business lobbies and international organisations which promote the interests of industry (such as UNIDO ( United Nations Industrial Development Organisation)) (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 36). The interconnected groups operate horizontally and vertically and across national, regional and international levels including state and non-state players alike in strategic unions established on particular issues. Cooperation in Environmental Problems Collaboration is represented by the game, wherein each state follows a dominant strategy that leads to suboptimal payoffs for both. Regime theory presents the EU primarily as a tool. The EU deliberately seeks to change the system, design strategies to do so, and attempts to implement the strategies. To assess the development of EU environmental policy in environmental cooperation, then, two potential roles of the EU must be examined: the EU as tool and the EU as independent advocate. The EU helps states overcome the complexity of issues to arrive at coordination equilibrium. States usually remain concerned that others will exploit them, and the EU is needed to increase confidence in compliance. As independent actor, the EU is expected to play a significant role in environmental cooperation. Increased autonomy of the EU on some environmental issues and the increased needs of states to rely on them for collaboration and coordination allow those organizations with unified leadership and significant resources to have independent effects. Ozone: The First Global Challenge The development of the regime intended to limit the release into the atmosphere of ozone-depleting chemicals is in many ways a case of EU-US relations. The key turning points in the development of the process of negotiating from a framework convention at Vienna through to legally imposing an obligation protocol commitments at Montreal, London and Copenhagen reflect changes in the negotiating position of the EU and the US (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 230). The development of ozone polices can be traced back to 1977. The ‘can ban’ established in the US put the US in conditions to push for a global ban on CFCs. Process of negotiating moved very gradually at first against strong European opposition to cuts in CFCs, despite a Council resolution in March 1980 restricting the use of CFCs, reacting to American pressure and increasing public concern over the ozone problems. The supporters of controls (the US, Canada, the Nordic states, Austria and Switzerland), met together in 1984 to create the ‘ Toronto group’. The EU initially indicated that no controls were necessary. However, eventually it admitted that a production capacity cap may be required and presented a draft protocol that included their 1980 measures. The offered 30 per cent reduction was without difficulty achievable because use was already declining (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 200) and in essence served to fix the status quo (Jachtenfuchs, 1990). The deadlock that resulted between the EU and the Toronto group made certain that only a framework convention could be made at Vienna. This promised intercommunion in research and monitoring and promotion of information-sharing. At the March 1986 assemblyof the EU Council of Ministers, the EU took a position of a 20 per cent CFC production cut. This was partly impelled by the threat of unilateral action by the US to impose trade sanctions against the EU (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 261). The Montreal Protocol later agreed in September 1987 required cuts of 50 per cent from 1986 levels of production and use of the five principal CFCs by 1999. The figure of a 50 per cent cut was established as a settlement of a dispute by concessions on both sides between the EU’s proposed freeze and the US’s proposal for a 95 per cent cut. The Protocol contained an interval for the implementation of the Protocol by less developed countries, restrictive measures on trade with non-members and an ozone fund for technology transport. This latter element of the agreement is especially important for the EU for, as Jachtenfuchs (1990, p. 272) states, ‘The success of the EU’s environmental diplomacy in this important field will to a large extent depend on how far it is able to provide technical and financial assistance to developing countries’. As a regional economic integration organisation, the EU was granted permission to meet consumption limits together rather than country by country. This was planned to assure some transfers of national CFC production quotas among EU member-states in order to allow commercial producers in Europe to improve production processes cost-effectively. Despite this concession, some European members in the Protocol process believed that they were ‘bullied’ into an agreement favourable to US industry, dubbing the Montreal agreement ‘The DuPont Protocol’ (Parsons, 1993, p. 61). In spite of that, on 14 October 1988 the Council adopted a law, transforming every aspect of the Protocol into EU legislation. The law came into force instantly in order to emphasise the importance of the issue and to prevent trade distortions which might emerge from non-simultaneous use of the new legislation (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 269). At the March assembly of the EU Environment Council which took place in 1989, the UK after a long delay joined the rest of the EU in agreeing to phase-out all CFCs ‘as soon as possible but not later than 2000’ (Parsons, 1993, p. 47). At the same time France submitted to external pressure to drop its uncompromising position. The London assembly of the members in June 1990 was consequently able to agree that all entirely halogenated CFCs would be phased-out by the year 2000, with successive lessening of 85 per cent in 1997 and 50 per cent in 1995. Some member states have gone beyond the restrictions stated in the international agreements, however. Germany, for instance, has passed legislation stating that CFCs be removed by 1993, halons by 1996, HCFC 22 by 2000 and CT (carbon tetrachloride) and MC (methyl chloroform) by 1992 (Parsons, 1993). On another hand, behind the diplomacy of the negotiations between the states, the case is in a fundamental way one of the competing positions of the chemical companies, chiefly, ICI (in the UK), Du Pont (in the US) and Atochem (in France). Industry agents served formally on European national delegations through the whole of the process. EU industrialists ‘believed that American companies had endorsed CFC controls in order to enter the profitable EU export markets with substitute products that they had secretly developed’ (Benedick, 1991, p. 23). The EU followed the industry line and reflected the views of France, Italy and the United Kingdom in its policy. The significance of these commercial considerations is easily noticed in the persistent efforts to define cuts in HFCs and HCFCs (perceived to be the best alternative to CFCs). The EU has found it problematic to come to an agreeable position on reducing the production and consumption of these chemicals because substitu te chemicals were not yet easily available. Indecision could also be explained by the fact that some European producers wanted to establish export markets for HCFCs in the less developed ‘south’. The differing commercial interests regarding the ozone issue presented the difficulty the EU faced in its effort to formulate common policy positions in international environmental process of negotiating. This case demonstrates that ozone depletion was one of the first global environmental issues to create a coordinated and consentient international response. Despite remaining weakness in the ozone regime it is regarded to be one of the few tangible successes of EU international environmental policy taking into account that governments took action before certain proof of environmental disaster had occurred. The EU has explicit rules, agreed upon by governments, and provides a framework for the facilitation of ongoing negotiations for the development of rules of law. Regime theory regards EU international environmental policy as a means by which states solve collective environment problems. Regime theory, as well as most current studies of cooperation in international politics, treats the EU as means to an end – as intermediate variables between states’ interests and international cooperation. The EU is an independent actor which plays an independent role in changing states’ interests – and especially in promoting cooperation. Conclusion The consideration in this paper of the ozone depletion regimes reveals that there is prospect for development in the international legal order. The picture that emerges of EU international environmental policy and politics is a complex and relating to the study of several subject disciplines. It should be noted that there is none predominant theoretical perspectives in international environmental politics adequate to explain this rich complexity. Given the complex reality of environmental cooperation between states and the context within which it develops, explaining policy processes and developments by a single theoretical perspective is an uncertain prospect. Still better understanding of the developments of EU environmental policy in these processes may be fostered by relying on a regime theory. How to cite Which theory best explains the development of EU environmental policy?, Papers

Advertising for Campaign for Hemorrhoids - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAdvertising Managementfor Campaign for Hemorrhoids. Answer: Introduction An advertising campaign has to be created for a medication product for haemorrhoids and the awareness about it has to be created in public so that people and their attitudes can be changed for such a problem. According to Nordqvist (2017), Haemorrhoids which is also known as piles are the swollen veins in the lower part of anus and rectum. The irritation and blooding causes when these vessels are stretched. This becomes very unpleasantly for the sufferer. It is found that the condition is worse is pregnant women and the problem also increases with ageing. The demographics of the problem clearly states that chronic diarrhoea can cause Haemorrhoids and in the people who have continuous sitting for long hours. It is also genetic in some people and it can also occur because of obesity and lifting heavy objects. The symptoms of Haemorrhoids include bleeding, itching, lumps or swelling in anal area. Haemorrhoids can be external and internal and it can be diagnosed by the physical examination by doctor or a digital rectal test. There are some existing medicines for the problem and includes ointments, pads and other lotions to relieve itching. There are some surgical and non-surgical treatments a vailable to prevent and cure Haemorrhoids. The trend shows that the number of people suffering from haemorrhoids doubled between 2008 and 2013 and it affects 75% of the people throughout the life (Haemorrhoids Authority, 2014). The company is ready to launch and promote the product for which an advertisement campaign has to be designed so that awareness for the product can be created among public. An advertising campaign is a set of activities which are used to share a single idea and theme. Various media channels are used here to share a message for the treatment of Haemorrhoids and the details about the medication launched by the company. The objective of this advertising campaign is to share the information about new medicines manufactured by the company and to make people aware. It is to communicate the benefits of the medicine and to persuade customers to switch to this medicine for better medicine. The message for medicines could be communicated through various media channels to the sufferers and to persuade them to buy the medicines for relief from Haemorrhoids. These messages should be communicated to the target audience who are either the existing patients of Haemorrhoids or the ones who might get the problem like the people getting aged, pregnant ladies, the ones who have problem of constipation or other potential customers (Riss, et al., 2012). To create awareness among the target audience, first of all, the audience will be identified and then appropriate media will be selected for spreading the information and raise awareness about the medication. The appropriate media might be the digital media, print media or other options. Different factors have to be considered while choosing the appropriate media for spreading the information and running the advertisement. These factors are time, cost or complexity of the message which is to be spread. Also, the distance between the target audience and the company also matters when media channel is been selected. For e.g. person sitting overseas cannot be reached through pamphlets and local newspaper advertisements. They have to be addressed through digital media (Kelley, Sheehan and Jugenheimer, 2015). Fixed position should be adopted for this advertisement. It means that running the advertisement on fixed channel of television at a fixed time and during the show or on the same position in the newspaper daily/ weekly, on same page number. It is because it is something related to health and fixed positions will be decided as per the suitability of the people suffering from Haemorrhoids. For e.g. the advertisements can be published weekly in the health page of a newspaper. It will be memorised by potential customers easily and the company can easily make its place in the market. It will create an ease for the people to identify the details and information whenever they need to. There are different costs which will be associated with this advertisement campaign of medicines like printing costs, content cost, and graphics and designing cost, cost for generating the information and designing the advertisement (Parente and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, 2014). A budget is prepared below which shows different costs of advertising campaign of medicines: Activities of advertisement campaign Costs Designing of advertisement $1400 Media of advertisement Newspapers $2000 Social media $50 (Basic fee) Television $4000 $6050 Content cost $450 Total $7400 It is important to negotiate with the media vehicles like newspapers, television and social media to get the specific schedule and rates on which advertisements can run. This will not hamper the budget of the campaign and will be profitable to the organisation. There are factors which should be taken into consideration while negotiating for media vehicle. These factors are the media rates, successful rate of media, competitive pressures, target of advertisement campaign and time. The information about the medicine, its contents, its benefits, details and history of company, potential customers and the budget will be shared with the advertiser by the company while determining the media contract for the advertisement (Anantha and Krishnan, 2010). There is some legal and ethical consideration which has to be taken care when establishing final media contract. The company has to take care that no unfair means are taken while establishing a final media contract. Fair contract should be made and all the laws related to it should be followed. Copyrights and trademarks are to be taken care of and confidentiality should be maintained. Ethics like trust and privacy should be maintained (Moriarty, et. al., 2014) There are different ways to monitor the advertising campaign. Some of these ways includes monitoring sales, reviewing the goals, comparing the footfall of customers with the previous numbers. The things to monitor in advertisement campaign are sales, number of queries, footfall of customers, the customers reaction, progress in work and sales; relationship with customers, etc. while monitoring the advertising campaign, no unfair means should be adopted. Correct numbers should be recorded to maintain trust and fairness. Some legal considerations are maintaining the fairness in promotions and following the guidelines (Rice and Atkin, 2012). Success in the advertising campaign of medicines for Haemorrhoids means that the medicines are purchased by people and they are giving positive reviews about the medicine. When the traffic on the websites and advertisements increases, it means that advertisement is successful and deriving great number of sales to the company. References Anantha, A and Krishnan, M R, Microsoft Corporation 2010, Advertisement management, U.S. Patent Application 12/898,131. Haemorrhoids Authority, 2014, Haemorrhoids Health Trend. Retrieved from https://www.hemorrhoidsauthority.org/hemorrhoids-advice/hemorrhoids-health-trend/. Kelley, L, Sheehan, K and Jugenheimer, D W 2015,Advertising media planning: a brand management approach, Routledge. Lake, C 2009, 10 ways to measure social media success, Econsultancy. Moriarty, S, Mitchell, N D, Wells, W D, Crawford, R, Brennan, L and Spence-Stone, R, 2014,Advertising: Principles and practice, Pearson Australia. Nordqvist, C 2017, Haemorrhoids: Causes, treatments, and prevention, Medical News Today. Parente, D and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, K, 2014,Advertising campaign strategy: A guide to marketing communication plans, Cengage Learning. Rice, R E and Atkin, C K, 2012,Public communication campaigns, Sage. Riss, S, Weiser, F A, Schwameis, K, Riss, T, Mittlbck, M, Steiner, G and Stift, A 2012, The prevalence of hemorrhoids in adults, International journal of colorectal disease,27(2), pp.215-220.