Breaking Bad Essay

Breaking terrible is an American dramatization arrangement delivered and made by Vince Gilligan The arrangement debuted on January the twentieth 2008. Airing on AMC in the us and Canada The show is at present in its fifth and last season, the second 50% of the show is disclosed the mid year of 2013. The arrangement is about Walter white he is a science instructor, Walter White, is determined to have Stage III disease and allowed just two years to live, he chooses he has nothing to lose. He lives with his significant other and young child, who has cerebral paralysis, in New Mexico. Resolved to guarantee that his family will have a protected future, White sets out on a vocation of medications and wrongdoing. He ends up being strikingly capable in this new world as he starts assembling and selling methamphetamine with one of his previous understudies. The arrangement tracks the effects of a lethal conclusion on an ordinary dedicated man and investigates how a deadly determination influences his profound quality and changes him into a significant player of the medication exchange Walter white develops over the seasons from a naã ¯ve chemisty educator to the driving force behind a huge scope tranquilize activity. Gathering Breaking Bad has gotten broad basic approval and has been commended by certain pundits as the best TV show ever. It scored a 99/100 on its keep going season on metaoritic. Metacritic is an audit site that joins all the accessible surveys out there. Grants The seriers has won various honors and designations. Counting 7 emmy grants. The entertainer of walter white, bryan Cranston has won the extraordinary lead on-screen character grants for 3 back to back years. Altogether the show has won 35 industry grants and been named for 117

Minorities At Risk And Horizontal Inequality Assignment

Minorities At Risk And Horizontal Inequality - Assignment Example Multi-party legislative issues has been presented in numerous nations as a method of changing and improving administration. The expanded political seriousness has anyway incited ill will between networks. The minority bunch winds up being politically underestimated and a chance of contention is genuine. The circumstance has offered ascend to control sharing plans in certain nations after a vicious showdown provoked by multi-party races. Tending to all the current level imbalances among the ethnic gatherings is significant both in nations where fierce clashes have happened and in possibly unstable districts. Three classes of approaches have been recognized to address the social disparities to be specific the immediate, backhanded and integrationist draws near. Direct methodologies advocate for governmental policy regarding minorities in society where recently underestimated bunches are given inclinations in access to instruction, political portrayal, and work. The methodology, notwith standing, may inspire uneasiness among networks not profiting by such approaches. To maintain a strategic distance from a potential clash such activities ought to be given an unmistakable time span inside which they can be utilized to address the difference. Backhanded methodologies include arrangements that in a roundabout way advance incorporation of all networks in the financial, social and political frameworks. The may incorporate devolution of both financial and political dynamic component. Such arrangements are anyway delayed in taking impacts and might be deficient in tending to all the even imbalances existing.

Why You Shouldnt Take Venture Capital Money When You Dont Need It

Why You Shouldn’t Take Venture Capital Money When You Don’t Need It Not enough money when needed â€" but aplenty available when you are not seeking…that is the way the venture capital market works!It is ironic really â€" investors are not all too keen on investing in your business in the initial stages when you actually need money to get established and grow. But once you take off and have proven yourself as a successful business venture, they are ready to battle with other investors to give you venture capital money for your business, money that you may not necessarily be in need of at that particular point in time.Venture capitalists like to cover their risks and therefore, they feel safer investing in your business when it is running along nicely. They may not have given you money for product development but if the new product you have launched has taken over the market and is getting a good response, venture capitalists would like to have a part in your success by giving you money for further investment. However, the question you need to ask yo urself is “do you need VC money or not?” © Shutterstock.com | SIHASAKPRACHUMIn this article, you will learn about 1) the advantages of taking venture capital money, 2) the 9 reasons why you shouldnt take VC money when you dont need it, and 3) how to politely decline an investment offer from an investor.ADVANTAGES OF TAKING VENTURE CAPITAL MONEYOut of all the different funding options available to you, venture capital is a safe choice. There are a number of benefits associated with venture capital money. To begin with, it fuels your business. You may have a great idea but no money to translate the idea into a viable business. Venture capitalists give you the money to move ahead and materialize your business idea.If you are already in business, you can use the venture capital for growth and development. You can expand your product line or grow your reach by expanding your target market and entering new markets.Your existing revenue may be getting consumed in maintaining your business operations; venture capital provides you spare funds for enhancements. Venture capital can help you improve your business processes and give you funds for automation and technological development.One of the most enticing features of venture capital is that since it is equity and not a loan, you will not have to worry about repaying it. With venture capital, you get access to money for doing business without having to fulfill loan application formalities and without having to worry about following a repayment schedule. You are spared from paying off exorbitant interest rates and meeting the terms and conditions of a loan.Venture capitalists get to participate in your business operations and contribute towards decision-making. They are experts at analyzing business opportunities and therefore can give you useful insight that can be beneficial for your business’s future. Quite a lot of them are good business managers as well. So you get to have an extra pair of hands to help you manage your business operations.Venture capit alists have a vested interest in your business’s success and therefore they can give you access to their contacts. This will give you a chance to enhance your business network and get connected with professionals who can share their experiences and give you valuable business advice. Venture capitalists can also get you in touch with specialists and consultants whose expertise can be fruitful for you. For example, an HR consultant can help you with hiring competent staff for your business.Interested in a quick introduction to what Venture Capital is all about? Read this slides.[slideshare id=3188792doc=insiteventurecapital101-100215190248-phpapp02w=640h=330]REASONS WHY YOU SHOULDN’T TAKE MONEY WHEN YOU DON’T NEED ITWho doesn’t want money? When the money is there â€" you should take it, right? Sounds awkward that you should say no to an investor? But should you always welcome investment even if you don’t need it?With venture capital, you should proceed with caution. Just as everything else does, venture capital also has a downside to it; which is why there are sound reasons why you shouldn’t take money when you don’t necessarily need it.#1: Investors Become PartnersVenture capital money is equity; thus, venture capital allows investors to become partners in your business. You are literally giving a part of your business to the investor in return for their money. This means they get a share in your business decisions and most importantly, in your business’s success.So if you are making profit, you won’t get to keep the entire profit to yourself, you will have to share a percentage of it with your investors. This percentage will depend upon the percentage of equity share of the investor. The more investors or venture capitalists you have, the greater chunk of your profit will go to them.You Lose your Freedom to ChangeIf you want to exit from a particular market or withdraw a particular product from your product line, you cannot just take the deci sion in isolation and implement it.Since the investors are owners as well, for any bigger change you want to bring in your business, you would have to consult with the venture capitalists. You need to get their consent before implementing any changes. Therefore, you lose your freedom to change.You Divide your Decision Making Authority Make the Decision Making Process potentially LongerWhen you were the sole owner of your business, you had the complete decision making authority with yourself. But now you would have to consult your venture capitalists while making decisions. This can sometimes elongate the decision making process. The more venture capitalists involved, the more time it may take to reach a unanimous decision.Learn everything about going from your business idea to IPO and the startup funding process.#2: The Venture Capitalists May Not Have the ExpertiseSome investors are more involved and are willing to help you with your business; the rest aren’t as involved and not interested in interfering in your business operations. Then there are some who are unable to help you because they don’t have the expertise. They may be from a different field or background and therefore, not have much knowledge regarding the kind of market you are working in.Such venture capitalists get to have a share in your business’s success without contributing anything towards it (apart from their money of course).#3: The Venture Capitalists’ Expectations May be Too HighSince venture capitalists want to get the most out of their investments, their expectations may be too high, always keeping you under pressure.They may expect decisions and changes to bring results too quickly and get dissatisfied with a change if it doesn’t bring results as per their expectations. They may expect new product development to happen in unrealistically short times or demand you to deliver the final product much sooner than your process allows you to. They may have unrealistic expectation s concerning the number of hours you put-in in a day or your availability during holidays and weekends.#4: Investors Gain a Say in How You Are Running your BusinessWhen investors fund your business, they gain an influence over your business’s management. Some investors may not like to interfere in your day-to-day operations and short-term management decision; whereas others like to be involved in all the day-to-day matters of your business.Your way of running the business may differ from theirs but the thought of losing venture capital may force you to compromise and run your business the way investors want you to.#5: Investors Will Always Ask for Progress ReportsIn order to safeguard your investments, you will have to continuously prove your worth. Investors like to keep tabs on their investments and anticipate profits; therefore, they will keep bothering you with inquiries about how things are going and what results your business is achieving. You will have to collect and presen t data and numbers so investors are aware about how your business is progressing. They will continuously demand progress reports from you on a regular basis so they know that their investment is safe and earning a high return.#6: Investors may De-Track you (Due to Different Company Strategy Expectations)You may want to focus on a new target market you have recently identified for yourself but the investors may keep you busy in preparing a presentation for the next investors’ meeting. You may want to improve customer services but the investors may want you to explore the option of revamping your business’s website.What is important for you may not be as important to your investors; their priority list may differ from yours, de-tracking you from what you want to do. Other situations concerning investors may also become a source of distraction for you. Rather than working on your strategy, you may have to spend your time and effort in trying to contact the investors so they are ava ilable for meetings at the decided time.#7: Self-Reliance is the Best Kind of RelianceIf you set-up, grow and run your business with your own money, you own the entire business. You are your own boss, answerable to no one but you. Being the sole proprietor makes you depend on yourself. No one can match the level of commitment and passion you have for your business and therefore, it is best to rely on yourself for financing the business as compared to availing any other option â€" including venture capital.Things may not always run smoothly and when your business is faced with a tough time, the investors may not be very helpful (but they would still be expecting you to deliver results). Therefore, relying on self is the best kind of reliance.#8: It May Become Difficult to Take all Investors On-BoardWhile making decisions, short-term and long-term, conflicts may arise between the different investors. They may put you in a difficult situation and it may become hard for you to resolve t hese conflicts peacefully. These conflicts can arise due to different reasons including varying backgrounds, experiences and expertise of the investors as well as differences in their interests (one may want to expand customer base while other may want to focus on improving retention rate of existing customers).#9: Getting Venture Capital Money is Associated with High Legal CostsSince high stakes are involved, a venture capital deal has to go through rigorous legal and accounting formalities. Both parties need to go over the terms and agreements of the deal over and over again.For this, you would need to hire a legal expert or a professional accountant â€" who charge heftily for their services. So ultimately, the venture capital deal costs you a lot in terms of paying accounting and legal consultant fees.HOW TO POLITELY SAY ‘NO’ TO AN INVESTOREven though you may not need the money at the particular point in time, you could need it at some point in time in the future. You don’t want to blatantly say no to investors and offend them because you might need to ask for investments later on. Here are a few ways of politely saying no to them right now but keeping doors open for future:Ask them to Reschedule their MeetingMake an excuse of being busy with some unavoidable commitment. This way you indirectly communicate to them that meeting with them isn’t a high priority for you since you aren’t looking for investors. So you aren’t actually saying ‘no’ while at the same time letting them know that they aren’t urgently needed by your business.Explain your Priorities to ThemYou can let them know that you are not looking to grow right now and that your strategy is to strengthen your existing customer base. You can tell them that you have not reached your economies of scale yet.Ask them about their Other Investment InterestsAsk them about the other companies they are considering investing in, and subtly reflect that the other options are good options. Give them strong reasons as to why they should move ahead with another company, but don’t be too pushy. This can give them an idea that you aren’t interested in their investment proposal.Communicate Openly HonestlyBe honest with the investors and let them know that currently you are not looking for investment for your business. Your genuine attitude will enable them to take the offer rejection positively and also keep the doors of investment open for you.Tell them you Need Time to Think/Analyze Their OfferListen to the investment offer and ask them to give you time for looking deeper into the terms and conditions of the agreement. This way you can buy some time and then politely say no rather than saying no to them upfront. This way the investors feel that at-least you gave a chance to their offer and that you spent time in considering it.Set your Own TermsInvestors like to set-up investment terms that put them in an advantageous position; rather than saying no, put forward your ow n terms and conditions. Chances are that the investors will back-off from the offer themselves.CONCLUSIONThe business world is full of risks. Whether you accept a venture capitalist’s offer or reject it, think twice and then once more. You should have solid reasons for your decision and your focus should be on the long-term effects.If you have worked out the long-term goals for yourself, you will have a clearer picture of the future of your business. If you feel that in future, your growth and expansion plans will require you to seek venture capital, then evaluating and accepting a few of the current offers may be the right decision for you.If you do not foresee the need for money in the long-term even, then giving ownership of your business in return for investment money may not be a smart decision.Support your decision to accept or reject investments with logically strong reasons; if you decide to move ahead with venture capital funding then try to get investors that share the s ame business interests/background as yours and those that bring more to the business than just money.

The Beheading of Precious Doe

On April 28, 2001, the nude, decapitated body of a 3-year-old girl was found near an intersection in Kansas City, Missouri. Two days later her head was found nearby in a plastic garbage bag. It would be more than four years before the girl, given the name Precious Doe by police, would be identified as Erica Green. Sketches, computer drawings and busts of the child were distributed nationwide and on several television crime programs before a relative came forward and identified the victim on May 5, 2005. Mother, Stepfather Charged in Case The Precious Doe case had frustrated police for four years and had been featured on several television crime shows, including Americas Most Wanted.   In the end, police say, it was a tip from a family member that finally helped authorities identify the child and also those responsible for her death. Press reports said a grandfather of one of the principles involved came forward and provided police with photographs of Erica as well as hair samples from the child and the mother. On May 5, 2005, Michelle M. Johnson, the 30-year-old mother of Erica, and Harrell Johnson, 25, her stepfather, were arrested and charged with murder. Police said Johnson told them he was under the influence of alcohol and PCP when he became angry with Erica when she refused to go to bed. He kicked her, threw her on the floor, and left her there unconscious. Erica remained on the floor unconscious for two days, because the couple refused to seek medical help because they both had warrants out for their arrest, police said. After Erica died the Johnsons carried her to a church parking lot, then into a wooded area where the stepfather cut her head off with hedge clippers. Ericas body was found near an intersection and two days later her head was found nearby in a plastic trash bag. On December 3, 2005, prosecutors announced that they would seek the death penalty in the case against Harrell Johnson. Authorities believed that the child died while Johnson was decapitating her with hedge clippers. Cousin Sheds Light on the Abuse Suffered by Erica According to Harrell Johnsons cousin, Lawanda Driskell, The Johnsons moved in with Driskell in April 2001. Michelle Johnson helped her husband dispose of Erica by placing the dead child in a stroller as if she was asleep. Later, she told Driskell that she had given Erica to another woman to raise. She described Harrells treatment of Erica as abusive, stating that he beat her for small infractions such as crying or not wanting to eat. One day she heard a loud bang coming from childs room and for the next two days, Erica was kept in the room. The couple told Driskell that the child was sick. Michelle Johnson then told Driskell that she took Erica to live with the woman who first raised the child. Michelle Johnson Pleads Guilty   On September 13, 2007, Michelle Johnson pleaded guilty to second-degree murder of her 3-year-old daughter. In a plea deal, she agreed to testify against her husband, Harrell Johnson, who was charged with first-degree murder. In return, prosecutors agreed to recommend a 25-year-sentence for the mother of the murdered child. Precious Does Mom Testifies Against Husband Michelle Johnson told the jury that Harrell Johnson was on drugs when he kicked her daughter in the head and the child dropped to the floor unconscious. He just picked up his feet and kicked her on the side of the face. I said, What the (expletive) did you do? It shook him out of his high, Johnson said. She said she put the child in a tub of cold water, but she failed to come around. She then put her on the bedroom floor where she stayed for two days before she died. Fearing that she might be arrested on outstanding warrants, Johnson made the decision to not call for medical help. Guilty Verdict A Kansas City jury deliberated for about three hours before returning a guilty verdict. Harrell Johnson, 29, was charged with the death and the decapitation of three-year-old Erica Green, the daughter of his then-girlfriend who he married a year later.   Johnson was also convicted of endangering the welfare of a child and abuse of a child. During closing arguments, prosecutors told the jury that a guilty verdict would finally bring justice for Erica. This selfish coward made the decision to put himself before this 3-year-old childs life, said prosecutor Jim Kanatzar. Sentenced On November 21, 2008, Harrell Johnson was sentenced to life without parole.

Violence In Schools Is A Big Social Issue That Occurs Almost

Violence in schools is a big social issue that occurs almost everyday throughout the United States. There is no way to tell when it is going to happen, but when it does, people need to be prepared. This violence leads to devastating effects on the students, teachers, and families of these kids. Some violence that occurs within the schools across the United States include physical, mental, or sexual abuse, theft, vandalism, and, the most common form, fighting and bullying. One form of violence within schools that doesn’t come to mind right away though, is gun violence. Going to a smaller school in a smaller community, this wasn’t a big concern, but it can happen within any school, anywhere. Gun violence, not just within schools, but†¦show more content†¦While the concern is understandable parents should not be afraid to send their kids to school worried that something like this will happen. By doing this parents can actually harm the mental health of their children. It is also wondered if schools bring about the victimization or if it is brought into them from outside sources. A study was performed to assess the extent to which high school kids felt threatened or victimized by a threat or an actual attack using a gun. An anonymous, volunteer survey of 1653 students of both genders was taken inside a high school. 23% of the the student’s were categorized as victims. Therefore, those students have a higher risk of victimization than students who didn’t fit into this category. Some factors that played a role in predicting the levels of victimization were gender and if they were involved in violent actions outside of school. It is concluded that violence is brought into the school rather than being provoked or produced by the school. Children can have psychological effects due to gun violence, both short and long term. Those exposed to the violence can have effects such as anger, posttraumatic stress disorder, withdrawals, and desensitization to violence. (Garbarino et al., 2002). Exposure of gun violence to children, especially those who have been injured due to it, those who have witnessed it, or those who experience it quite often within the schools are at a greater risk for those negativeShow MoreRelatedProblems and Solutions to Violence in Schools Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesViolence is a very important issue that is coming to the front in todays school systems. School violence is a `complex social policy problem and is considered very complicated and hard to define. My paper is on school violence and the methods in which the government and schools can provide support and/or programs to help stem the recent rash of incidents. 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How Successful Was the New Economic Policy Free Essays

string(51) " true society republic of workers and peasants’\." The New Economic Policy (NEP) was a measure implemented in order to counter the arguably disastrous effects War Communism. The New Economic is controversial. Some historians argue it allowed the Soviet economy to solidify and begin to recover, and also allowed the Bolsheviks to retain control over Russia. We will write a custom essay sample on How Successful Was the New Economic Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Others, like Orlando Figes, state it was ultimately a failure, arguing that under the NEP the peasants grew away from the Bolshevik regime, inviting a future, and brutal, reassertion of central control. This essay will discuss the effectiveness of the NEP economically and politically as well as outlining War Communism and why it failed Michael Lynch argues that ‘By 1921, the grim economic situation had undermined the original justification for war communism. During its operation, industrial and agricultural production had fallen alarmingly. ’ War Communism was first introduced as an extreme economic measure in order to deal with problems created during the Civil War as well as enabling the Army to be fed. However in accordance with Lynch, the policy did not improve Russia’s productivity or indeed the Bolshevik popularity. The existence of the Cheka and the Red Army enabled Lenin to embark on the policy of centralisation. This resulted in a considerable increase in Bolshevik influence in the factories via the infiltration of the Workers’ committees by political commissars. This development helped prepare the way for issuing the Decree of Nationalisation in June 1918 and within two years it brought practically all major industrial enterprises in Russia under central government control. Yet nationalism did nothing to increase production due to being imposed at the time of severe industrial disruption caused initially by the strains of World War One but which worsened during the Civil War. Furthermore the military needs were given priority thus denying resources to those industries not considered essential. The situation was made more serious by factories being deprived of man power as a result of conscription into the Red army and flight from urban areas of large numbers of inhabitants who left in search of food or by means of escape from the Civil War. This led to the population of Petrograd and Moscow to drop by half between 1918 and 1921 causing a dramatic decrease in Russia’s productivity. Problems were deepened further by hyper-inflation. The scarcity of goods and the government’s policy of continuing to print currency notes effectively destroyed the value of money and by the end of 1920 the rouble had fallen to 1% of its worth in 1917. Ultimately War Communism tightened the Bolshevik’s grip on industry but did not lead to economic growth. Agriculture was also largely affected by War Communism. A major purpose of War Communism was to force the peasants to provide more food. However peasants were resistant to the government’s demands and this was largely blamed on the Kulaks who the Bolsheviks claimed were hoarding the grain. As a result the government become infuriated by the peasant’s refusal to conform and condemned them as counter-revolutionaries and restored to coercion. Cheka requisition units were sent into the countryside to take the grain by force. In 1920 the order was given to hang one hundred kulaks publically in order to terrify the population however this seemed to have the reverse effect of the one intended. With the knowledge that any surplus would be confiscated, peasants produced the bare minimum to feed themselves and their family. By 1921 a combination of requisitioning, draught and general disruption of war resulted in national famine with grain harvests in 1920 and 1921 being less than half that gathered in 1913. The matters became so desperate that the Bolsheviks admitted famine and accepted foreign assistance however foreign help was too late to prevent mass starvation. Of the 10 million of the Civil War period over half starved to death. Although War Communism proved catastrophic in terms of industrial and agricultural output the Bolsheviks saw it as true socialism due to the squeezing of the peasants and the ending of private ownership. Even after the Red Army’s victory in the Civil War, the policy of War Communism was maintained. As a short-term measure the policy produced the results Lenin wanted but severity increased Bolshevik unpopularity resulting in a number of minor outbreaks of resistance during the 1920s. But the Kronstadt Rising of 1921 proved to be highly disturbing to Lenin as he described it as the ‘lightening flash that illuminated the true reality of things’. Lynch claims that ‘As long as unrest was confined to the peasants and the Bolsheviks’ political enemies it was a containable problem’ but Lenin began to worry over the development of War Communism within the party itself. The two prominent Bolsheviks involved Alexander Shlyapnikov, labour commissar, and Alexandra Kollontai, who led a ‘workers’ Opposition’ movement against the excess of war communism. Kollontai accused party leaders of losing touch with the proletariat and from this, groups of workers in Petrograd went on strike in early 1921 justifying their actions in the proclamation than change is needed in the policies of the government. By February 1921 thousands of Petrograd workers crossed the naval base on Kronstadt claiming that Russia should be better, not worse, than Tsarist times ,as the Bolshevik government claimed Russia to be a workers’ state. In an attempt to pacify strikers Lenin sent a team of political commissars to Kronstadt who were greeted with derision. In early March, the sailors and workers of Kronstadt produced a manifesto. It was not the demands that frightened the Bolsheviks but the people who drafted them as the workers and sailors of Kronstadt had been great and popular supporters of the Bolsheviks in 1917. Shelia Fitzpatrick describes them as ‘The Kronstadters, heroes of the July Days and supporters of the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution, had become almost legendary figures in Bolshevik mythology. Now they were repudiating the Bolsheviks’ revolution, denouncing ‘the arbitrary rule of the commissar’ and calling for a true society republic of workers and peasants’. You read "How Successful Was the New Economic Policy" in category "Papers" The danger for the Bolsheviks was that due to their popularity of the Kronstadters revolted the rest of the people would be due to follow. The rising was finally crushed when Trotsky ordered the Red Army to storm the Kronstadt base with violent results. Lenin took an important lesson from the Kronstadt uprising which was to avoid scandal and embarrassment of another open challenge to his party and government and so decided it was time to soften his severity of war communism leading to the introduction of the NEP in order to tackle the famine and thus prevent further uprising. The majority of historians agree that the NEP was certainly an economic success compared to the catastrophe of War Communism with both Shelia Fitzpatrick and Orlando Figes agreeing that NEP was introduced as ‘an impoverished response to desperate economic conditions’. Lenin is a pragmatic character and so seeing that peasants could not be forced to produce more food so instead must be persuaded and thus temporarily abandon the idea of War Communism. The success of the NEP can in reality only be measured by its aims. The NEP was set up primarily to stabilise the economy; this included decreasing inflation, increasing agricultural and industrial production and re-establishing trade outside of the country. The other major aim of the policy was to minimise the gap between the worker and the peasant in order to get peasant co-operation and support. Due to the fact that the NEP was set up as a result of Kronstadt its other aim is to demolish the possibility of such a rebellion happening again. Many reforms took place in Russia due to the NEP. Under the NEP the Government stopped its policy of requisitioning the peasants entire crop and instead began to take only what was needed to meet the minimum requirements of the army and the urban workers. Fixed tax in kind was introduced and although the peasants were forced to pay the tax, they were now allowed to sell the remainder of their crop for profit. They could sell either privately or to the state. This gave peasants the initiative to grow more crops as a result the grain harvest went up from 37. 6 million tons in 1921 to 72. 5 million tons in 1925. This was a success of the NEP as it increased agricultural production to Russia’s pre-war levels, which helped to stabilise the economy. Nationalisation was minimised with only the large industries remaining under state control. However, this was still a lot as 85% of the workforce worked for state enterprises, the rest for private enterprises or co-operatives. Also conscription of the workforce was abandoned. Over the course of five years, the NEP allowed industrial and agricultural output to rise to its pre-war levels. In this sense, the NEP did achieve economic recovery. However, the NEP was bitterly disliked by many leading communists who saw it as a reversal of everything they believed which will be discussed later in the essay. Although industrial production increased at a slower pace than agricultural production, which caused many problems such as the scissors crisis in 1923, it did increase. For example, coal in 1921 did not exceed 8. million tons while in 1925, it was around 18. 1 million tons, and steel production increased nearly 10 times from 183 thousand tons being produced in 1921 to 2135 thousand tons in 1925. However industry did not attain the same levels of recovery as agriculture and did not reach the pre-war level. This shows that the NEP was successful in increasing industrial production. However, the increase in heavy industry was not as great as light industry, consequently it suffered in comparison. Trade with foreign countries was also reintroduced, as earlier it had been prohibited. The ban against free trade was lifted too so the whole population was permitted to trade with one another. The state only had control over 15% of the trade; the rest was under Nepmen or co-operative control. However, the boom in private trade led to a widening gap between rich and poor. This can clearly be seen by the sudden rise in unemployment in the first two years of the setting up of the NEP. There was a lot of anger focused on the Nepmen, who were seen as the ‘new class’, between rich and poor. The workers also felt resentful towards the Bolsheviks as they felt the NEP was sacrificing their class interests in favour of the peasantry. Therefore although the NEP allowed free trade and re-established foreign trade, not everyone benefited from it. And in fact this lead to the very thing communism went against class. Nepmen became the new beneficiaries, as they grew rich. Also, the gap between rich peasants and poor ones increased as class, once again became an issue. In addition, a new currency was set up to ease the economic problem. This currency was known as the chervontsy. However, they were in heavy demand and only available in large denominations. The rouble was still legal tender until February 1924. Inflation can clearly be seen as in January 1921 there was 1,169 milliards of roubles in circulation and by January 1923 there were 1, 9994,464 milliards. This clearly shows that a change in currency was needed. Although this helped the economy as the rate of inflation decreased slightly, it did not do enough to help the people and their financial difficulties. The NEP did minimise the gap between workers and peasants. The policy meant that peasants could make more of a profit as they were allowed to sell their own produce and trade with others. It also encouraged them to work harder. However, it was the peasants who suffered most due to inflation. Although they made money, it was worth little in industry. In this way the NEP had been partly a success as it had minimised the gap and made things better for the peasants but did not improve everything. As for the NEP’s other aim, that being avoiding another rebellion like Kronstadt, the policy was successful as there was no threat of them ever losing power. Although there were protests against the NEP or some parts of it, overall these were unthreatening to Bolshevik power and were ignored or came to an end after a while. Aside from economic issues, the NEP also caused dispute amongst the Bolsheviks themselves in political terms. As Fitzpatrick argues ‘From the communist standpoint NEP was a retreat, and a partial admission of failure. Many Communists felt deeply disillusioned: it seemed that the revolution had changed so little. ’ The NEP was a mixture of socialism and capitalism and was referred to as a â€Å"step back† for the Bolsheviks as they had just defended socialism in the civil war but was now retreating into capitalism and the â€Å"old ways†. A major objection from the Bolsheviks was the reintroduction of money and private trading had created the Nepmen. It was the profiteering that Victor Serge, a representative of the Left Bolsheviks, had in mind when he described the immediate social effects of NEP: ‘the cities we ruled over assumed a foreign aspect, we felt ourselves sinking into the mire. Money lubricated and befouled the entire machine just as under capitalism’ As the NEP had become such a contentious issue among the Bolsheviks Lenin introduced the banning of factionalism as well as outlawing all other parties except from Bolshevism. The object of this was to eliminate party disputes and political rivals and to a certain extent this worked. In conclusion, the NEP was successful to a certain extent. Because of the New Economic Policy the Soviet economy revived quickly. There was more food from the farmers; there were goods in the shops and outdoor markets, However many Bolshevik members did not consider the NEP as socialism and thought that it was a betrayal of communist principles. On the whole the NEP was a success. It met most of its aims. The policy helped stabilise the crumbling economy and re-established pre-war levels. The policy decreased the rate of inflation, it increased agricultural and industrial production, it allowed free trade and re-established foreign trade. However, some of these aims it only met partly. For example although the rate of inflation did decrease it was still very high and the NEP did not stop it completely. Industry production also suffered as a result of the NEP. Although its production increased its prices rose due to the fast increase of agriculture. Trade also caused problems like the re-establishment of classes. So these aims were only partly successful and created many other problems. The NEP tried to minimise the gap between peasants and workers. Many of the aims in stabilising the economy were for the peasants’ benefits like the end of requisitioning and allowing them to trade. However, the high prices in industry and high inflation left the peasants with money which was not worth as much. However, the policy did try to get peasant support. It was partly successful in bringing workers and peasants together, however many workers felt let down by the party that was supposed to cater to their needs. The fact no major rebellions threatened the Communists shows that the policy had kept many people happy and those that protested were insignificant or in such small numbers they were unable to mount a decent threat on the party. Thus the NEP was one of the major factors that had enabled the survival of Communism in Russia. The step back from socialism and the reintroduction of capitalism had worked. Peasant uprisings virtually ceased, the economy recovered and the Bolshevik regime was consolidated How to cite How Successful Was the New Economic Policy, Papers

Upstate South Carolina

The growth rate of the economy of Upstate South Carolina has been among those ranked as the fastest in the United States of America. The region has grown expansively from a traditionally textile-manufacturing region to a diverse and vast economic region endowed with almost each and every industry in the United States.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Upstate South Carolina specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A number of reasons are responsible for this growth. These reasons include the availability of skilled workers, considerably low costs of conducting business and excellent educational and training institutions that yield high qualified workers. These are some of the reasons that made BMW and Michelin establish their North American headquarters in Greenville. This research paper will look at the economic history of Upstate South Carolina and its towns. Agriculture was the main economic activity in Upstate South Carolina before the onset of the industrialization period that saw the introduction of other industries in the region (Weir 67). Although tourism is the current leading source of income to the Upstate South Carolina, agriculture still contributes a substantial amount of income to the region. Upstate South Carolina is richly endowed with fertile soils that facilitate extensive mechanized cultivation of the cotton crop (South Carolina Department of Agriculture 13). The availability of this crop, coupled with the easy accessibility of water power, has led to the establishment of large textile and clothing industries which are centered in the piedmont. In the recent past, crop farmers in Upstate South Carolina have realized the need to diversify the range of crops grown and break away from the traditional cotton farming (Wallace 34). This has led to the cultivation of crops such as tobacco, sweet potatoes, peaches, soybeans and pecans. The growth of these crops has led to food su fficiency in the region. The fertile soils of Upstate South Carolina have also led to the emergence of lumbering activities and the manufacture of paper and pulp. These three economic activities derive their raw materials from the large forestland that covers a significant portion of the state. It is estimated that the size of land that is under tree cultivation is about five million hectares (Barry 98). The main species of trees grown are the loblolly pine and the longleaf which are ideal for paper manufacturing. A few decades after Greenville was termed as the â€Å"Textile Capital of the World,† it is amazing that it is now among the leading towns in Upstate South Carolina in terms of the developments of the automobile industry. The town is now home to leading international automobile industries such as Michelin, BMW, General Electric Company, Honeywell, 3M and the Lockhead Martin Aircraft and Logistics Center (Bainbridge 145).Advertising Looking for research paper on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The towns of Spartanburg and Anderson have also advanced greatly in their economic status. For instance, Spartanburg is the headquarters of huge companies such as the QS/1 Data systems, Extended Stay Hotels, Advance America and Milliken and Company. Anderson is home to over two hundred and thirty manufacturers which include twenty two international companies. It is widely known for the plastic and automotive industries. Like the rest of the York counties, the towns of Spartanburg and Anderson are known for their extensive supply of BMW vehicles. It is evident from the foregoing discussion that Upstate South Carolina has gone through various stages of development in its economic history. The region has moved from its tradition of textile manufacturing to the development of other industries such as the automobile industry. The towns of Greenville, Anderson, Spartanburg and the York Counties have been at the center of this transformation. Works Cited Bainbridge, Judith. Historic Greenville: The Story of Greenville and Greenville County. Texas: Historical Publishing Network, 2008. Print. Barry, John. Natural Vegetation of South Carolina. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1970. Print. South Carolina Department of Agriculture. Cotton Mills of South Carolina: Their Names, Location, Capacity, and History. New York: Charleston, 1880. Print.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Upstate South Carolina specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wallace, David. History of South Carolina. New York: American Historical Society, 1934. Print. Weir, Robert. Colonial South Carolina: A History. Millwood, New York: KTO Press, 1983. Print. This research paper on Upstate South Carolina was written and submitted by user Samantha Burt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Convert Kelvin to Fahrenheit

How to Convert Kelvin to Fahrenheit Kelvin and Fahrenheit are two important temperature scales. Kelvin is a standard metric scale, with a degree the same size as the Celsius degree but with its zero point at absolute zero. Fahrenheit is the temperature most commonly used in the United States. Fortunately, its simple to convert between the two scales, providing you know the equation. Kelvin to Fahrenheit Conversion Formula Here is the formula to convert Kelvin to Fahrenheit:  ° F 9/5(K - 273) 32 or you may see the equation using more significant figures as:  ° F 9/5(K - 273.15) 32 or  ° F 1.8(K - 273) 32 You can use whichever equation you prefer. It is easy to convert Kelvin to Fahrenheit with these four steps. Subtract 273.15 from your Kelvin temperatureMultiply this number by 1.8 (this is the decimal value of 9/5).Add 32 to this number. Your answer will be the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. Kelvin to Fahrenheit Conversion Example Lets try a sample problem, converting room temperature in Kelvin to degrees Fahrenheit. Room temperature is 293K. Start with the equation (I chose the one with fewer significant figures):  ° F 9/5(K - 273) 32 Plug in the value for Kelvin: F 9/5(293 - 273) 32 Doing the math: F 9/5(20) 32F 36 32F 68 Fahrenheit is expressed using degrees, so the answer is that room temperature is 68 ° F. Fahrenheit to Kelvin Conversion Example Lets try the conversion the other way. For example, say you want to convert human body temperature, 98.6 ° F, into its Kelvin equivalent. You can use the same equation: F 9/5(K - 273) 3298.6 9/5(K - 273) 32 Subtract 32 from both sides to get:66.6 9/5(K - 273) Multiply 9/5 times the values inside the parenthesis to get:66.6 9/5K - 491.4 Get the variable (K) on one side of the equation. I chose to subtract (-491.4) from both sides of the equation, which is the same as adding 491.4 to 66.6:558 9/5K Multiply both sides of the equation by 5 to get:2,790 9K Finally, divide both sides of the equation by 9 to get the answer in K:310 K So, human body temperature in Kelvin is 310 K. Remember, Kelvin temperature is not expressed using degrees, just a capital letter K. Note: You could have used another form of the equation, simply rewritten to solve for the Fahrenheit to Kelvin conversion: K 5/9(F - 32) 273.15 which is basically the same as saying Kelvin equals the Celsius value plus 273.15. Remember to check your work. The only temperature where the Kelvin and Fahrenheit values will be equal is at 574.25. More Conversions For more conversions, see these topics: How to Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit: The Celsius and Fahrenheit scales are two other important temperature scales.How to Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius: Use these when you need to convert Fahrenheit to the metric system.How to Convert Celsius to Kelvin: Both scales have the same size of degree, so this conversion is super easy!How to Convert Kelvin to Celsius: This is a common temperature conversion in science.

First jobs of millionaires and billionaires

First jobs of millionaires and billionaires When we think about our futures, who among us doesn’t dream of following in the footsteps of rich and successful people? You might be shocked to discover what some of these amazingly wealthy people did for their first jobs. Let’s take a closer look. A study conducted by the sales recruitment specialist company Aaron Wallis revealed that the most common first job amongst the billionaire crowd is a salesperson. Approximately 10% of these fabulously wealthy folks started out in the world of sales, which stands to reason- this position allows individuals to build their negotiating and deal-brokering skills, learn how to be persuasive in the face of overwhelming negative odds, and discover the value of persistence, which are common traits of successful people. Financial investor George Soros, entrepreneur Mark Cuban, and Dell founder Michael Dell can be counted amongst those who got their start as salespeople.Other common first jobs of the ultra wealthy include stock traders (Carlos Slim Helu, telecom magnate), engineers (Mikhail Fridman, business magnate), accountants (Phil Knight, co-founder of Nike), and software developers (Bill Gates, co-founder of Microsoft), but the list is surprisingly robust- you can practically name any job and it’s likely that at least one millionaire or billionaire got his or her start doing that.Have these rich folks typically stayed within the fields that they started in and made their fortunes there? Well, sometimes they do, like Mark Zuckerberg, whose first job was starting Facebook. However, more often than not their first jobs have little to do with how they made their money. Amancio Ortega, founder of fashion mega-brand Zara, started out as a shop hand for a shirtmaker.Since education and career path are often intertwined for most folks, let’s take a look at a few other interesting statistics from the Aaron Wallis study. Among 100 of the world’s top billionaires, approximately 30% inherited or wo rked for family businesses, 53% worked for other businesses, and 17% actually started their own businesses. Around 75% obtained a college degree, with the mostly commonly pursued academic path being engineering (22%). Business and accounting degrees are also popular among this economically elite group.So, what’s the takeaway from this look at the first jobs of millionaires and billionaires? The truth is, many of us dream of becoming wealthy and wildly successful, but may have assumed that it’s a path that’s not open to us. Think again! Clearly, the road to riches for many successful millionaires and billionaires didn’t start off paved in gold. This is good news for you if you feel as if you haven’t quite found your professional niche just yet. The road to success can start from any location!

Principles of nonprofit leadership Research Paper

Principles of nonprofit leadership - Research Paper Example sults the first and foremost thing which is required by organizations is effective leadership of a nature that aspires to achieve these results in the best possible way (Principles and Practices for Nonprofit Management Excellence). Most of the nonprofit organizations believe that money is the only resource that can help an organization to achieve its desired objectives. Keeping this in view, many of the experts have argued that not only money but the leadership plays an important role. They argued that effective leadership is the only tool that helps an organization to achieve its intended objectives (A Guide for Board Members, Managers and Staff). The organization work towards achieving those goals and money only enables them to deliver results that are expected of them. In today’s era the two important resources for any organization are financial resources and human capital (Tierney). The set back or down turn in financial resources is impossible to avoid and difficult to overcome, but shortcomings in human capital can be very awkward for an organization and cannot be calibrated easily. Keeping in view above mentioned issues, the need for the nonprofit organizations is to have an effective leadership that goes all the way towards achieving intended and desired results. This paper will probe into the challenges that any nonprofit organization is expected to face while developing effective leadership (Hill, 135). It will further shed light on benefits derived by developing effective leadership along with advantages and disadvantages. It will provide an insight of the principles of nonprofit leadership. Thus, this paper is expected to make a valuable contribution in the existing stock of knowledge. It has become quite difficult for nonprofit organizations to manage in today’s tough economy. According to (Hill, 12) Following are few challenges that nonprofit organizations are facing while in the phase of developing effective leadership. With increased

The Fundamentals Attribution Error Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Fundamentals Attribution Error - Essay Example I am okay and you are not okay or I am effective and efficient and you are not effective and efficient, or I and my group are okay and you and your group are not okay. There are many theories to explain the fundamental attribution error but it is generally accepted that this error arises due to differences in perception and values amongst individuals. In this particular case there is a growing discontent among staff in the division of the firm which is providing legal services to the corporate, the corporates are hiring many of the capable legal consultants as their own employees from firms such as the one being discussed which are not able to value their employees, that the firm is only two years old and is growing in all other markets except the corporate law market. This implies that the firm’s resources and structure are not suitably aligned to serve the needs of the corporate law market. The department serving the corporate sector does not have the correct structure and reward basis required to skillfully serve the corporate demands. The corporate law market significantly differs from other law markets (property, marriage, taxation etc) in the sense that the sector is highly complex and in addition to having a very good understanding of law the service provider should also have a holistic viewpoint, an understanding of the business environment affecting its corporate clients. Corporate law generally addresses issues like entering into a transaction on behalf of the corporate, acquiring property which can give rise to conflict of interest, choosing the directors and officers for the organization and arriving at proper negotiations and assigning responsibilities to the director, officer or a majority shareholder, issuing stock and deciding upon the rights of the shareholders with respect to the corporation, issues related to mergers, acquisitions , consolidation or the termination of an organization etc. At present, the firm is having an ‘I am okay you are not okay’ mindset and this should be changed to ‘I am okay you are okay’ mindset. This can be achieved by focusing on the common objectives which are the existence and performance of the firm, presenting and discussing various case studies where teamwork has done wonders etc.

Christopher Columbus :: Christopher Columbus Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Christopher Columbus was an Italian navigator who sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean in search for the all-water route to Asia, but instead achieved fame for making landfall in the Caribbean Sea. Columbus' plan was based in part on two major miscalculations. First, he underestimated the circumference of the world by about 25 per cent. Columbus also mistakenly believed that most of the world consisted of land rather than water. This mistake led him to conclude that Asia extended much farther east than it actually did. In 1492, Columbus embarked on his first voyage. Queen Isabella of Spain ordered that the port of Palos supply him with three ships the Pinta, the Nina, and the Santa Maria. A total of about 90 crew members sailed aboard the three ships. In addition to the officers and sailors, the expedition included a translator, three physicians, a servant for each captain, a secretary, and an accountant. On October 12, 1492, at 2:00 in the morning he spouted a small island, which he called San Salvador. In January, the Santa Maria was wrecked off the coast of Espanola. The Nina, with Columbus in command, along with the Pinta began the homeward voyage in January 1493. The storms drove the ships first to the Azores and then to Lisbon, Columbus arrived in Palos, Spain, in March. He was enthusiastically received by the Spanish Monarchs. Columbus planned immediately for a second expedition, with about 1500 men, which left Spain in September 1493. They landed on the island of Dominica, Gaudeloupe. His stop at Puerto Rico is the closest he came to setting foot on land that would later form part of the United States, the main foundation for the claim that Columbus â€Å"discovered America.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Columbus returned to Queen Isabella on September 29, he found that serious conflicts had developed among the colonists, a number of whom were already on the route to Spain to press their grievances. One of the major problems confronting Columbus was the hostility of the natives, whose initial friendliness had been alienated by the cruelty of the Europeans. Columbus defeated the natives in battle in March 1495 and shipped a large number of them to Spain to sell as slaves. Queen Isabella objected, however, and the survivors were returned. A royal investigating commission arrived at Isabella in October 1495. Because this group was consistently critical of his policies, Columbus established a new capital named Santo Domingo.

Making a buffer

Name Date experiment performed   CRN of lab section: Grade: Days late: Instructor Initials: General Grading Items 25 Points Attendance at Pre-lab MeetingCopies of lab pages attached; labeled with name and date, complete information, readable, data recorded matches results given in report| /5| Waste was properly disposed of and lab area was cleanedEvaluation of student performance overall (student was on time, followed safety rules, performed the lab correctly and within the time allowed, etc) Total for General Grading Items Data Analysis and Interpretation Part | 75 Points| Titration Curves| /25|Question 1Question 2Question 3Total for Data Analysis and InterpretationData Table Buffer A| Buffer B| Mass of NaC2H3O2 used to prepare buffer (grams)Volume of buffer prepared (mL) 100. 0| 100. 0Molar concentration of HC2H3O2 in buffer (M) Initial pH of bufferVolume of 0. 5 M NaOH to raise pH by 2 units (mL)Volume of 0. 5 M HCl to lower pH by 2 units (mL)Volume of 0. 5 M NaOH at equivalence point (mL)Data AnalysisWrite reaction equations to explain how your acetic acid-acetate buffer reacts with an acid and reacts with a base.Buffer capacity has a rather loose definition, yet it is an important property of buffers. A commonly seen definition of buffer capacity is: â€Å"The amount of H+ or OH– that can be neutralized before the pH changes to a significant degree. † Use your data to determine the buffer capacity of Buffer A and Buffer B. (Graphically, we can identify buffer capacity by the sudden change to a very steep slope. )Say, for example, that you had prepared a Buffer C, in which you mixed 8. 203 g of sodium acetate, NaC2H3O2, with 100. 0 mL of 1. 0 M acetic acid. a. What would be the initial pH of Buffer C? b. If you add 5. 0 mL of 0. 5 M NaOH solution to 20. 0 mL each of Buffer B and Buffer C, which buffer’s pH would change less? Explain.

Was President Richard Nixons Vietnamization Policy a...

Was President Richard Nixon’s Vietnamization policy a success or a failure, and to what extent? A. Plan of Investigation The investigation assesses the level of success President Richard Nixon’s Vietnamization policy attained during the Vietnam War to end U.S. involvement in the war. In the strive to evaluate the level of success this policy demonstrated, the investigation evaluates the ability of the policy to equip, expand, and train Southern Vietnamese forces and allocate them to a substantial combat position, all while simultaneously reducing the quantity of U.S. combat troops in a steady manner. The Vietnamization policy is investigated and analyzed by both its causes and effects. The motivation that led to Nixon’s creation of this†¦show more content†¦This meant that all of Vietnam was united and communist. The question here is: was President Nixon’s Vietnamization policy a success or a failure? This topic is debated amongst historians to this day, yet the most popular answer is that the Vietnamization policy was a failure. On the contrary, the policy did encompass several advantages despite its failure. Firstly, the primary purpose of the Vietnamization policy was to substitute the U.S. combat troops with Southern Vietnamese troops, especially given that it was their country, and the fact that U.S. involvement was portraying a division among American Mohan 3 Candidate #: 001503-0062 society. It may be inferred that that part of the Vietnamization policy was a success, as it worked. The part that failed and brought about an unsuccessful end to the Vietnamization policy was getting the Southern Vietnamese forces to have the moral dedication and ambition to defend their own country and keep Communism away. Furthermore, it must be stated that the reason for the failure of the Vietnamization policy was not just due to the failure of the Southern Vietnamese military, as the people themselves as a whole were not seeking victory for their nation. The Southern Vietnamese population simply wanted to avoid defeat in and of itself. Additionally, the U.S. leaders were unaware of the grim results of their struggles to

Mexico and United States Foreign Policy Relations

Mexico was originally the site of various Amerindian civilizations such as the Mayas and the Aztecs. The country was later invaded by Spain in 1519 which led to a prolonged colonial period that would last until the 19th century when the country finally gained its independence at the end of the war of independence. Mexican-American War The conflict was sparked when the U.S. annexed Texas and the Mexican government refused to recognize the secession of Texas which was the precursor to the annexation. The war, which began in 1846 and lasted for 2 years, was settled via the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which led to Mexico giving up even more of its land to the US, including California. Mexico further transferred some of its territories (southern Arizona and New Mexico) to the U.S. via the Gadsden Purchase in 1854. 1910 Revolution Lasting for 7 years, the 1910 revolution ended the rule of the dictator president Porfirio Diaz. The war was sparked when the U.S.-supported Diaz was proclaimed the winner of the 1910 elections despite mass popular support for his rival in the election Francisco Madero. After the war, the various groups that made up the revolutionary forces splintered as they lost the unifying goal of unseating Diaz - leading to a civil war. The U.S. intervened in the conflict including the involvement of the U.S. ambassador in the plotting of the 1913 coup dà ©tat which overthrew Madero. Immigration A major issue of contention between both countries is that of immigration from Mexico to the U.S. The September 11th attacks increased the fear of terrorists crossing over from Mexico leading to a tightening of immigration restrictions including a U.S. Senate bill, heavily criticized in Mexico, supporting the construction of a fence along the Mexican-American border. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) NAFTA led to the elimination of tariffs and other trade barriers between Mexico and the U.S. and serves as a multilateral platform for cooperation between both countries. The agreement increased trade volume and cooperation in both countries. NAFTA has come under attack from Mexican and American farmers and the political left claiming that it hurts the interest of local small farmers in both the U.S. and Mexico. Balance In Latin American politics, Mexico has acted as a counterweight to the policies of the new populist left characterized by Venezuela and Bolivia. This led to charges from some in Latin America that Mexico is blindly following U.S. commands. The biggest disagreements between the left and current Mexican leadership is whether to enlarge American-led trade regimes, which has been Mexicos traditional approach, versus a more regional approach favoring Latin American cooperation and empowerment.

Katniss Everdeen from the Hunger Games - 532 Words

Katniss Everdeen Katniss is the protagonist of the novel. She is a tough, self-sufficient, extremely loyal girl whose childhood was cut short by responsibility. After her father died, her mother sank into a deep depression, so it was up to Katniss to feed the family. One evening, she was going through others trash in desperation when Peeta Mellark purposefully burned bread from his familys bakery and gave it to her. She feels like she owes him for that action, because after that she realizes the forest will be how to feed her family. She and her friend Gale regularly hunt wild game and gather food, selling some and keeping some for their families. Katniss dearly loves her younger sister Prim, so much so that she volunteers to go to the Hunger Games in Prims place. Though Katniss could very easily feel bitter towards her more sheltered sister, instead she is fiercely protective of her. During the Games, this protectiveness transfers to another young tribute named Rue who Katniss grows very close too a nd mentors as she were an older sister to Rue. Katniss has an edge over many of the other tributes because she often lives not knowing if she is going to make it through the night. For years she has been responsible for the life or death of her family. She was devastated by the death of her father, though she recalls many of his fine talents and qualities. Throughout the training and the Games, she fights against feeling friendship for Peeta Mellark because she knowsShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis of Katniss Everdeen from The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins549 Words   |  3 Pages The Hunger Games is a trilogy novel book written by Suzanne Collins. The book is about being selected in a game where everything is about winning, and by winning you live another year with fame, and by losing means you die and known for not being strong enough. In this essay I’m going to analyze a character from the book, and write why I think the character is interesting. The person you are about to read about is Katniss Everdeen and also the main person in the book. Katniss Everdeen is a teenageRead MoreKatniss Everden Is a Girl Ith Many Talents954 Words   |  4 PagesKatniss Everdeen Is a Girl with Many Talents Although Katniss Everdeen was considered an underdog in the games, she possesses many qualities and made very smart choices that helped her become a victor of the Hunger Games. The novel, The Hunger Games was written by Suzanne Collins who created the character of Katniss Everdeen, she wrote Katniss as a very talented girl whose skills were very unique and useful. Some of the skills Katniss used to help her get out of the arena aliveRead MoreHunger Games1506 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: The Hunger Games Author Background: The author of this book is Suzanne Collins, who currently lives in Connecticut with her family. She started her career in 1991 writing for children’s television. She has worked on Nickelodeon shows including Clarissa Explains it all, The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo, Little Bear, and Oswald. Suzanne recently finished her third book in the series, The Hunger Games, Catching Fire. Genre: Science Fiction Meaning of the Title: The title The Hunger Games has a veryRead MoreThe Hunger Games, Catching Fire, And Mockingjay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesthey often think of soldiers who have returned from war. The truth is that any traumatic event can cause PTSD, and it is even portrayed by some of the most beloved characters in pop culture today. One such character is Katniss Everdeen from The Hunger Games series. By taking the cognitive approach to examine this case, it is easy to diagnose and suggest possible treatments for the character. First of all, who is Katniss Everdeen? The Hunger Games, Catching Fire, and Mockingjay is a trilogy of youngRead MoreSummary Of The Hunger Games Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pages The Hunger Games â€Å"â€Å"No, you can’t kill yourself, â€Å"I say. I’m on my knees, desperately plastering the bandage back onto his wound. â€Å"Katniss, â€Å"he says. â€Å"It’s what I want. â€Å"You’re not leaving me here alone, â€Å"I say. Because if he dies, I’ll never go home, not really. I’ll spend the rest of my life in this arena trying to think my way out. â€Å"Listen, â€Å"he says pulling me to my feet. â€Å"We both know they have to have a victor. It can only be one of us. Please, take it. For me.† And he goes on about howRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Hunger Games 1460 Words   |  6 Pageswelcomed. Katniss Everdeen is an example of a strong female protagonist, from the novel, â€Å"The Hunger Games†. Katniss is not a stereotypical female in Panem, many say she is more masculine than really feminine. When she is sent to the Capital for the games, she is transformed, more like forced, to look like their ideal female. Katniss Everdeen had a choice to volunteer as tribute, but did not have a choice when it came to the way she looked. Katniss Everdeen in the novel â€Å"The Hunger Games†, is notRead MoreThe Hunger Games : Mockingjay1116 Words   |  5 Pages YASHA’S BOOK REPORT- THE HUNGER GAMES: MOCKINGJAY PLOT ‘THE HUNGER GAMES: MOCKINGJAY’ takes place several months since the last outing, Catching Fire. Seventeen year old Katniss Everdeen has survived The Hunger Games twice, but along with her outstanding victory, which bewildered The Capitol’s devious Gamemakers. There were consequences. The infuriated president of Panem, President Snow, didn’t see actions taking place in order to eliminate Katniss, which was his bidding. Therefore, he plansRead MoreAnalysis Of The Hunger Games762 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hunger Games is an astounding post-apocalyptic MTV award winning movie. Although the epic fight for survival is primarily the theme, the movie also juggles the emotional vulnerabilities associated with life and death. When considering the parallels between the movie and today’s society, viewers gain warnings regarding the importance of unity. Many consider The Hunger Games a heroic tale of a selfless teen. However, the driving force delineates an unforgettable plot twist, an inspirationalRead MoreIN WHAT WAYS DOES KATNISS EVERDEEN CHALLENGE OR CONFIRM OUR UNDERSTANDING OF A TYPICAL HERO IN THE HUNGER GAMES?1104 Words   |  5 PagesThe question of whether Katniss Everdeen, of The Hunger Games, confirms or challenges the idea of an archetypal hero is one debated worldwide. Throughout the novel, written by Suzanne Collins, Katniss demonstrates qualities and undertakes actions which are, without a doubt, heroic. However, whether or not this makes her a hero is dependent upon who you are asking; many characters in the novel would have very different ideas as to what a hero is. Also, although Katniss may come off as a hero manyRead MoreHunger Game Essay : The Hunger Games By Katniss Everdeen1235 Words   |  5 PagesKatniss Everdeen is the main protagonist in Suzanne Collins trilogy: The Hunger Games. She is highlighted by her responsibility, loyalty, morality, bravery, independence and her compassion towards others. Katniss becomes the victim of her totalitarian government and unwillingly becomes the center of a revolution. The hunger games trilogy tells the story of war and its effects on the innocent. Katniss’ strong qualities shine through the suffering of realistic consequences and outcomes. Her qualities

Which theory best explains the development of EU environmental policy Free Essays

string(45) " strategy that Connelly and Smith \(2002, p\." The successful development of EU international environmental policy has been the subject of much recent study within various disciplines. One promising theory for cross-disciplinary researches of EU environmental policy invokes the concept of international regime. Regime theory might expect to explain a great deal about the development of EU environmental policy in global environmental affairs. We will write a custom essay sample on Which theory best explains the development of EU environmental policy? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is insightful to consider the EU environmental policy as a regime given that the regime definition most frequently cited is so broad as to certainly include the EU where ‘norms, rules and decision-making procedures in a given area of international relations’ (Krasner, 1983, p. 2) are said to be in existence. This sort of theory would enable one to consider the connections between the institutions of the EU and the member states. It may explain the inter-state relationship that lies behind the formation and development of EU international environmental policy. Te positions the EU projects in international affairs are evidently themselves the product of interest mediation and agreed bargaining directed by institutions. This paper will consider the work of both international relations (IR) and international law (IL) scholars to evaluate regime theory as instrument of EU environmental policy, using ozone layer depletion case study as specific example. Main Body International Regime Theory Although international regimes were used much earlier by IL as a means of giving an account of legal regulation in unregulated areas (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 190), the regime theory has gained significance originally within the discipline of IR. The regime theory was developed to explain stability in the international system despite the absence or decline of domination (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 202). It is only in the 1990th that regime theory has again become the focal point of legal scholars searching for ways to stimulate international cooperation (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 10). This requires the organization into a unified pattern of the disciplines of IR and IL, the relationships between them having been one of mutual neglect, as explained by Hurrell and Kingsbury: Regime theorists have tended to neglect the particular status of legal rules, to downplay the links between specific sets of rules and the broader structure of the international legal system, and to underrate the complexity and variety of legal rules, processes, and procedures. On the other hand, theoretical accounts of international . . . law have often paid rather little explicit attention to the political bargaining processes that underpin the emergence of new norms of international . . . law, to the role of power and interest in inter-state negotiations, and to the range of political factors that explain whether states will or will not comply with rules. (1992, p. 12) There is no absolute agreement on what precisely forms an international regime. Goldie, in one of his works in this area, described regimes as: (1) the acceptance, amongst a group of States, of a community of laws and of legal ideas; (2) the mutual respect and recognition accorded by certain States to the unilateral policies of others acting in substantial conformity with their own, enmeshing all the States concerned in a regime with respect to those policies; (3) a common loyalty, among a group of States, to the principle of abstention regarding a common resource. 1962, p. 698) Thomas Gehring (1990) presents a more integrated work in this area, in particular as it better addresses the role of IL in international regime theory. He identifies international regimes as the regulations, developed within the context of a consultation of parties to the regime, governing a specific area of IR. Within this structure, IL is the search for unanimity and agreement on the priorities and plans for international action. Once these are made clear, norms will develop as to how to carry out these priorities and plans, resulting in accepted norms or â€Å"shared expectations† concerning the behaviour of states (Gehring, 1990, p. 37). Certainly, this progress from priority setting to norm gradual development takes time, but it is the regime structure that allows for the process to take place at all. Thus, regimes create the building blocks for the development of norms and rules. Development of EU Environmental Policy and Regime Theory. The influence of EU within environmental affairs cannot be disregarded as the environment in general has to a great extent become a matter of international concern. Of the many international organisations and specialised bodies dealing with environmental issues, the one mostly associated with such work is the European Union. Among other bodies and specialized agencies, the EU is most closely involved in environmental affairs. Regime theory is the most commonly employed theoretical paradigm in the study of EU international environmental politics. The study of the EU focuses upon how the EU affects the prospects of regime-building and how it may create the path of international cooperation. By signing up to agreements on behalf of its member states, the EU increases the scope of a regime by increasing the obligations of states that may in a different way have adopted lower standards. The EU pulls states into commitments. Often, however, the ‘convoy’ analogy (Bretherton and Vogler 1997, p. 22) more precisely describes the process, whereby action is delayed by the slowest part of the train. This effect is seen during the ozone negotiations. Despite the attempts of Denmark and Germany to push things forward, the precluding tactics of France and the UK were able to ensure that on many occasions the EU was ‘condemned to immobility’ (Jachtenfuchs, 1990, p. 265). Yet, by coordinating the position of (currently) 27 member nations in environmental negotiations, the Commission makes smaller the complexity of negotiations and decreases pressures upon international organisations to perform that function. Approaches informed by regime theory would also help to see the leadership role of the EU as an effort to originate cooperation conditional on the involvement of other parties. Hence the statement of a greenhouse gas decrease target as early as 1990 was planned as a first move in the ‘nice, reciprocate, retaliate’ strategy that Connelly and Smith (2002, p. You read "Which theory best explains the development of EU environmental policy?" in category "Papers" 269 indicated is the necessary to cooperation. Paterson (1996, p. 105) notes, for example, that â€Å"The announcement of the EU target in October 1990 was explicitly designed to influence the outcome of the Second World Climate Conference and to precipitate international negotiations†. Usually, however, IR perspectives tend to overlook the significance of intra-country dynamics to the creation of positions in international agreements. This factor severely restricts their applicability to EU decision-making development. In spite of that, in the ozone case it could be argued a combination of ‘domestic’ and international pressures best explain the role of the EU in creating and supporting the regime in question. The EU is as one unit in this case. The four relationships are: one between member states and the EU; between the EU organisations in their internal power efforts; among the boards of directors and eventually between the various boards of directors and interest groups (Matlary, 1997, p. 146). With the EU environmental policy one clearly has a regime within a regime. Models of multi-level governance used to explain the policy development within Europe may be extended to include the international dimension. Viewed from this perspective, EU international environmental negotiations become a site of debate between transnational networks of environment departments from government and regional economic institutions working together with NGOs and sympathetic international organisations (such as UNEP), set against networks including Trade and Industry departments, business lobbies and international organisations which promote the interests of industry (such as UNIDO ( United Nations Industrial Development Organisation)) (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 36). The interconnected groups operate horizontally and vertically and across national, regional and international levels including state and non-state players alike in strategic unions established on particular issues. Cooperation in Environmental Problems Collaboration is represented by the game, wherein each state follows a dominant strategy that leads to suboptimal payoffs for both. Regime theory presents the EU primarily as a tool. The EU deliberately seeks to change the system, design strategies to do so, and attempts to implement the strategies. To assess the development of EU environmental policy in environmental cooperation, then, two potential roles of the EU must be examined: the EU as tool and the EU as independent advocate. The EU helps states overcome the complexity of issues to arrive at coordination equilibrium. States usually remain concerned that others will exploit them, and the EU is needed to increase confidence in compliance. As independent actor, the EU is expected to play a significant role in environmental cooperation. Increased autonomy of the EU on some environmental issues and the increased needs of states to rely on them for collaboration and coordination allow those organizations with unified leadership and significant resources to have independent effects. Ozone: The First Global Challenge The development of the regime intended to limit the release into the atmosphere of ozone-depleting chemicals is in many ways a case of EU-US relations. The key turning points in the development of the process of negotiating from a framework convention at Vienna through to legally imposing an obligation protocol commitments at Montreal, London and Copenhagen reflect changes in the negotiating position of the EU and the US (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 230). The development of ozone polices can be traced back to 1977. The ‘can ban’ established in the US put the US in conditions to push for a global ban on CFCs. Process of negotiating moved very gradually at first against strong European opposition to cuts in CFCs, despite a Council resolution in March 1980 restricting the use of CFCs, reacting to American pressure and increasing public concern over the ozone problems. The supporters of controls (the US, Canada, the Nordic states, Austria and Switzerland), met together in 1984 to create the ‘ Toronto group’. The EU initially indicated that no controls were necessary. However, eventually it admitted that a production capacity cap may be required and presented a draft protocol that included their 1980 measures. The offered 30 per cent reduction was without difficulty achievable because use was already declining (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 200) and in essence served to fix the status quo (Jachtenfuchs, 1990). The deadlock that resulted between the EU and the Toronto group made certain that only a framework convention could be made at Vienna. This promised intercommunion in research and monitoring and promotion of information-sharing. At the March 1986 assemblyof the EU Council of Ministers, the EU took a position of a 20 per cent CFC production cut. This was partly impelled by the threat of unilateral action by the US to impose trade sanctions against the EU (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 261). The Montreal Protocol later agreed in September 1987 required cuts of 50 per cent from 1986 levels of production and use of the five principal CFCs by 1999. The figure of a 50 per cent cut was established as a settlement of a dispute by concessions on both sides between the EU’s proposed freeze and the US’s proposal for a 95 per cent cut. The Protocol contained an interval for the implementation of the Protocol by less developed countries, restrictive measures on trade with non-members and an ozone fund for technology transport. This latter element of the agreement is especially important for the EU for, as Jachtenfuchs (1990, p. 272) states, ‘The success of the EU’s environmental diplomacy in this important field will to a large extent depend on how far it is able to provide technical and financial assistance to developing countries’. As a regional economic integration organisation, the EU was granted permission to meet consumption limits together rather than country by country. This was planned to assure some transfers of national CFC production quotas among EU member-states in order to allow commercial producers in Europe to improve production processes cost-effectively. Despite this concession, some European members in the Protocol process believed that they were ‘bullied’ into an agreement favourable to US industry, dubbing the Montreal agreement ‘The DuPont Protocol’ (Parsons, 1993, p. 61). In spite of that, on 14 October 1988 the Council adopted a law, transforming every aspect of the Protocol into EU legislation. The law came into force instantly in order to emphasise the importance of the issue and to prevent trade distortions which might emerge from non-simultaneous use of the new legislation (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 269). At the March assembly of the EU Environment Council which took place in 1989, the UK after a long delay joined the rest of the EU in agreeing to phase-out all CFCs ‘as soon as possible but not later than 2000’ (Parsons, 1993, p. 47). At the same time France submitted to external pressure to drop its uncompromising position. The London assembly of the members in June 1990 was consequently able to agree that all entirely halogenated CFCs would be phased-out by the year 2000, with successive lessening of 85 per cent in 1997 and 50 per cent in 1995. Some member states have gone beyond the restrictions stated in the international agreements, however. Germany, for instance, has passed legislation stating that CFCs be removed by 1993, halons by 1996, HCFC 22 by 2000 and CT (carbon tetrachloride) and MC (methyl chloroform) by 1992 (Parsons, 1993). On another hand, behind the diplomacy of the negotiations between the states, the case is in a fundamental way one of the competing positions of the chemical companies, chiefly, ICI (in the UK), Du Pont (in the US) and Atochem (in France). Industry agents served formally on European national delegations through the whole of the process. EU industrialists ‘believed that American companies had endorsed CFC controls in order to enter the profitable EU export markets with substitute products that they had secretly developed’ (Benedick, 1991, p. 23). The EU followed the industry line and reflected the views of France, Italy and the United Kingdom in its policy. The significance of these commercial considerations is easily noticed in the persistent efforts to define cuts in HFCs and HCFCs (perceived to be the best alternative to CFCs). The EU has found it problematic to come to an agreeable position on reducing the production and consumption of these chemicals because substitu te chemicals were not yet easily available. Indecision could also be explained by the fact that some European producers wanted to establish export markets for HCFCs in the less developed ‘south’. The differing commercial interests regarding the ozone issue presented the difficulty the EU faced in its effort to formulate common policy positions in international environmental process of negotiating. This case demonstrates that ozone depletion was one of the first global environmental issues to create a coordinated and consentient international response. Despite remaining weakness in the ozone regime it is regarded to be one of the few tangible successes of EU international environmental policy taking into account that governments took action before certain proof of environmental disaster had occurred. The EU has explicit rules, agreed upon by governments, and provides a framework for the facilitation of ongoing negotiations for the development of rules of law. Regime theory regards EU international environmental policy as a means by which states solve collective environment problems. Regime theory, as well as most current studies of cooperation in international politics, treats the EU as means to an end – as intermediate variables between states’ interests and international cooperation. The EU is an independent actor which plays an independent role in changing states’ interests – and especially in promoting cooperation. Conclusion The consideration in this paper of the ozone depletion regimes reveals that there is prospect for development in the international legal order. The picture that emerges of EU international environmental policy and politics is a complex and relating to the study of several subject disciplines. It should be noted that there is none predominant theoretical perspectives in international environmental politics adequate to explain this rich complexity. Given the complex reality of environmental cooperation between states and the context within which it develops, explaining policy processes and developments by a single theoretical perspective is an uncertain prospect. Still better understanding of the developments of EU environmental policy in these processes may be fostered by relying on a regime theory. How to cite Which theory best explains the development of EU environmental policy?, Papers

Advertising for Campaign for Hemorrhoids - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAdvertising Managementfor Campaign for Hemorrhoids. Answer: Introduction An advertising campaign has to be created for a medication product for haemorrhoids and the awareness about it has to be created in public so that people and their attitudes can be changed for such a problem. According to Nordqvist (2017), Haemorrhoids which is also known as piles are the swollen veins in the lower part of anus and rectum. The irritation and blooding causes when these vessels are stretched. This becomes very unpleasantly for the sufferer. It is found that the condition is worse is pregnant women and the problem also increases with ageing. The demographics of the problem clearly states that chronic diarrhoea can cause Haemorrhoids and in the people who have continuous sitting for long hours. It is also genetic in some people and it can also occur because of obesity and lifting heavy objects. The symptoms of Haemorrhoids include bleeding, itching, lumps or swelling in anal area. Haemorrhoids can be external and internal and it can be diagnosed by the physical examination by doctor or a digital rectal test. There are some existing medicines for the problem and includes ointments, pads and other lotions to relieve itching. There are some surgical and non-surgical treatments a vailable to prevent and cure Haemorrhoids. The trend shows that the number of people suffering from haemorrhoids doubled between 2008 and 2013 and it affects 75% of the people throughout the life (Haemorrhoids Authority, 2014). The company is ready to launch and promote the product for which an advertisement campaign has to be designed so that awareness for the product can be created among public. An advertising campaign is a set of activities which are used to share a single idea and theme. Various media channels are used here to share a message for the treatment of Haemorrhoids and the details about the medication launched by the company. The objective of this advertising campaign is to share the information about new medicines manufactured by the company and to make people aware. It is to communicate the benefits of the medicine and to persuade customers to switch to this medicine for better medicine. The message for medicines could be communicated through various media channels to the sufferers and to persuade them to buy the medicines for relief from Haemorrhoids. These messages should be communicated to the target audience who are either the existing patients of Haemorrhoids or the ones who might get the problem like the people getting aged, pregnant ladies, the ones who have problem of constipation or other potential customers (Riss, et al., 2012). To create awareness among the target audience, first of all, the audience will be identified and then appropriate media will be selected for spreading the information and raise awareness about the medication. The appropriate media might be the digital media, print media or other options. Different factors have to be considered while choosing the appropriate media for spreading the information and running the advertisement. These factors are time, cost or complexity of the message which is to be spread. Also, the distance between the target audience and the company also matters when media channel is been selected. For e.g. person sitting overseas cannot be reached through pamphlets and local newspaper advertisements. They have to be addressed through digital media (Kelley, Sheehan and Jugenheimer, 2015). Fixed position should be adopted for this advertisement. It means that running the advertisement on fixed channel of television at a fixed time and during the show or on the same position in the newspaper daily/ weekly, on same page number. It is because it is something related to health and fixed positions will be decided as per the suitability of the people suffering from Haemorrhoids. For e.g. the advertisements can be published weekly in the health page of a newspaper. It will be memorised by potential customers easily and the company can easily make its place in the market. It will create an ease for the people to identify the details and information whenever they need to. There are different costs which will be associated with this advertisement campaign of medicines like printing costs, content cost, and graphics and designing cost, cost for generating the information and designing the advertisement (Parente and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, 2014). A budget is prepared below which shows different costs of advertising campaign of medicines: Activities of advertisement campaign Costs Designing of advertisement $1400 Media of advertisement Newspapers $2000 Social media $50 (Basic fee) Television $4000 $6050 Content cost $450 Total $7400 It is important to negotiate with the media vehicles like newspapers, television and social media to get the specific schedule and rates on which advertisements can run. This will not hamper the budget of the campaign and will be profitable to the organisation. There are factors which should be taken into consideration while negotiating for media vehicle. These factors are the media rates, successful rate of media, competitive pressures, target of advertisement campaign and time. The information about the medicine, its contents, its benefits, details and history of company, potential customers and the budget will be shared with the advertiser by the company while determining the media contract for the advertisement (Anantha and Krishnan, 2010). There is some legal and ethical consideration which has to be taken care when establishing final media contract. The company has to take care that no unfair means are taken while establishing a final media contract. Fair contract should be made and all the laws related to it should be followed. Copyrights and trademarks are to be taken care of and confidentiality should be maintained. Ethics like trust and privacy should be maintained (Moriarty, et. al., 2014) There are different ways to monitor the advertising campaign. Some of these ways includes monitoring sales, reviewing the goals, comparing the footfall of customers with the previous numbers. The things to monitor in advertisement campaign are sales, number of queries, footfall of customers, the customers reaction, progress in work and sales; relationship with customers, etc. while monitoring the advertising campaign, no unfair means should be adopted. Correct numbers should be recorded to maintain trust and fairness. Some legal considerations are maintaining the fairness in promotions and following the guidelines (Rice and Atkin, 2012). Success in the advertising campaign of medicines for Haemorrhoids means that the medicines are purchased by people and they are giving positive reviews about the medicine. When the traffic on the websites and advertisements increases, it means that advertisement is successful and deriving great number of sales to the company. References Anantha, A and Krishnan, M R, Microsoft Corporation 2010, Advertisement management, U.S. Patent Application 12/898,131. Haemorrhoids Authority, 2014, Haemorrhoids Health Trend. Retrieved from https://www.hemorrhoidsauthority.org/hemorrhoids-advice/hemorrhoids-health-trend/. Kelley, L, Sheehan, K and Jugenheimer, D W 2015,Advertising media planning: a brand management approach, Routledge. Lake, C 2009, 10 ways to measure social media success, Econsultancy. Moriarty, S, Mitchell, N D, Wells, W D, Crawford, R, Brennan, L and Spence-Stone, R, 2014,Advertising: Principles and practice, Pearson Australia. Nordqvist, C 2017, Haemorrhoids: Causes, treatments, and prevention, Medical News Today. Parente, D and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, K, 2014,Advertising campaign strategy: A guide to marketing communication plans, Cengage Learning. Rice, R E and Atkin, C K, 2012,Public communication campaigns, Sage. Riss, S, Weiser, F A, Schwameis, K, Riss, T, Mittlbck, M, Steiner, G and Stift, A 2012, The prevalence of hemorrhoids in adults, International journal of colorectal disease,27(2), pp.215-220.